Showing posts with label 2016. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 2016. Show all posts

Wednesday, December 28, 2016

Favorite Photos of 2016

We've reached the end of another year.  Every year I post a sort of year-in-review of my favorite photographs from the year.  This is the 2016 edition.  My favorite photos from past years can be found here, here, and here.

The first photograph comes from a post I made back on January 13th.  It shows a miniature forest of Wild Leek stalks and tree seedlings poking up through snow at Chipp-A-Waters Park in Mt. Pleasant.  I like the stark, almost abstract quality that this image has.

 

The second photograph come from February 25th.  The night before saw about 8 inches of snow dumped on Mid-Michigan and caused all local schools to be cancelled.  I paused for a moment while shoveling out to take this photo of the sun trying to cut through the overcast sky.  The snow covered branches belong to a large Honey Locust tree right outside my back door. 

 

Some of my favorite photographs are a bit more abstract than others.  This picture was taken at Dow Gardens in Midland on March 30th.  Every year Dow Gardens hosts an exhibit called Butterflies in Bloom in their conservatory - the 2017 Butterflies in Bloom exhibit is scheduled for 03 March through 16 April.  Shara and I attend every year to see and photograph the butterflies.  There are often so many people packed into the conservatory that it is almost impossible to get good pictures of the butterflies.  I often find myself spending more time taking pictures of the tropical plants than I do of the butterflies.  I especially liked the fan-like leaves of this plant.


The next picture comes from Mill Pond Park on April 14th.  I don't spend a lot of time photographing birds.  I generally lack the patience required to be a birder (and frankly most birds don't excite me all that much) so I spend very little time looking for birds.  However, there are times a bird shows up that just demands to be photographed.  Although not a rare bird, and becoming quite a nuisance in many places, the Canada Goose is an attractive bird.  This goose was casually swimming around the pond and approached quite close, which allowed my to take a large number of portraits of it.

 

This next picture might be my favorite image from the entire year.  I frequently take students out into the woods to study trees and learn about forestry.  Although I have been bringing students from Winn Elementary to the Chippewa Watershed Conservancy's Audubon Woods Preserve for several years, this was the first year that I have ever brought students from the Saginaw Chippewa Academy to this location.  While measuring tree diameters, some of the students found this Grey Tree Frog hanging out on the bark of one of the trees.  I love how this frog just disappears on the bark - camouflage is an awesome adaptation!  This images dates from May 17th and appeared in a post the next day.


I take thousands of photographs every year.  Most of them never make it onto this blog.  That doesn't mean that I don't like them or that they aren't good photographs.  Sometimes I just don't have time to write about everything I want to.  This year a disproportionate number of my posts were about wildflowers so other subjects often went untouched.  Back on June I spent several days meeting students at various ponds and rivers to sample aquatic invertebrates.  None of the photos ever showed up on this blog.  One of my favorite pictures was this one from June 7th of a student from Shepherd Elementary holding a small Wood Frog that she found along the Little Salt River.  Why do I like this photo?  The contrast of the pink sweatshirt with the greens and browns of the frog - girls rock at science!


I spend a significant part of July away from Mid-Michigan.  I attended the Michigan Department of Natural Resources 2016 Academy of Natural Resources.  Later in the month, Shara and I traveled through parts of four states while on vacation.  My favorite photo from the month isn't necessarily a great picture, but it documents my favorite place that we visited during our travels - Great Serpent Mound.

Great Serpent Mound is what is known as an effigy mound - this means it is an earthen mound created in the shape of a person, animal, or symbol.  It is the largest effigy mound in the world.  It measures approximately just over a 1/4 mile long (1348 feet) and is several feet tall.  When you remember that this was constructed entirely by hand using wood, stone, and bone tools the achievement of its construction becomes even more remarkable.  The exact age of Great Serpent Mound is unknown.  Several burial mounds on the site date from Fort Ancient Culture (1000 - 1500 AD) and the earlier Adena Culture (800 BC - 100 AD).  Great Serpent Mound probably dates to one (or both) of these cultures as it was likely rebuilt several times over its history.


The next photograph was taken the morning of  August 22nd.  It shows a band of low clouds rolling across the landscape.  This unusual cloud formation is known as an arcus cloud and is usually associated with thunderstorms, but can also occur when a cold front passes through.  This specific type of arcus cloud is known as a roll cloud, because it appears to be rolling through the sky completely detached from all other clouds.

 

If you haven't figured it out by now, I am sharing one photograph from each month of the year.  September is the time that the school gardens really their stride.  Almost everything is in bloom and many pants are starting to develop their seeds.  Back on September 14th and 15th I spent some time photographing the native pollinator gardens at the Saginaw Chippewa Academy and Winn Elementary.  This picture of Butterflyweed s my favorite garden photograph of the year and a strong contender for my favorite photo of 2016.  I love the full exploding fluffiness of the ripe seeds bursting from the pod to the right and how it contrasts with the still closed pods to the left of the photo.


October was one of the toughest months to pick a favorite.  I had lots of images of fall color to choose from.  Instead I picked this picture of the sunrise from October 26th.  I often lament the fact that Mid-Michigan does not have any dramatic landscapes, but if you look hard enough there is still drama to be found.


November was one of the most difficult months from which to choose a favorite photograph - photos of leaves and tree trunks, the full moon, Lake Michigan, etc..  The photograph I chose was an instant favorite.  It shows three fourth-grade students from Vowles Elementary posing during a woodland ecology activity at the school.  Why do I like this photo?  It reminds me of the painting The Son of Man by RenĂ© Magritte.  It shows the students, but the leaves hide their identities.  As soon as one of the students picked up a large leaf I thought of posing them like this.  I rarely ask people to pose in photos, but I like the results in this image.


December was probably my lightest month of the year for photography.  I hardly took any photographs - I know the month isn't over so I have a few more chances.  My favorite picture of the month is sort of an abstract one - it shows ice pans covering the surface of the Chippewa River at Mill Pond Park on December 14th.  Although I shared several photos from this date, this picture was not one of them.  Is it s great photograph?  No.  Is it even a good photograph?  Probably not, but I like how it shows how small pans of ice come together to eventually cover the river with a layer of ice.   I started this list with a winter scene and bookended the year with another winter scene.


Thursday, October 27, 2016

Wildflowers of 2016 - The Complete (And Final) List

I am calling an end to my 2016 Wildflower Big Year.   


Earlier this Spring, I started making a list of (and photographing)  all the wildflowers I could find in one growing season.  This was the second time I have completed this challenge - my 2014 list can be found here.  Here are the rules that I gave myself for this self-imposed challenge.
  •  Any native or non-native plant (including trees) can be photographed if it meets two conditions
    • It must be growing in a wild population - it cannot be in a location where it was planted.
    • It must be growing in one of the parks or other city properties within the city of Mt. Pleasant, Michigan.
  • I have to photograph the plant on the day I first find the flower - but I can photograph any flower of the species that I find on that day.
  • I have to be able to identify the species for it to count - unknown specimens do not count.

I found a total of 252 species during the 2016 growing season.  I found my first flower of the year on 08 March (the 68th day of the year) and my final flower on 20 October (the 294th day of the year).  I averaged 1.115 new species per day over the course of 226 days.  Of the 252 species, 174 species (69.0%) have been native and 78 species (31.0%) have been introduced to Michigan.

Here is the complete list for the year.

Tuesday 08 March 2016
    #1 Skunk Cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus)

Thursday 14 April 2016
    #2 Pussy Willow (Salix discolor)

Monday 17 April 2016
    #3 Boxelder (Acer negundo)
    #4 Common Blue Violet (Viola sororia)
    #5 Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis
    #6 Dutchman's Breeches (Dicentra cucullaria)
    #7 Yellow Trout Lily (Erythronium americanum)
    #8 Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides)

Wednesday 20 April 2016
    #9 Northern Spicebush (Lindera benzoin)
    #10 Black Willow (Salix nigra)
 
Sunday 24 April 2016
    #11 Speckled Alder (Alnus incana)    
    #12 Marsh Marigold (Caltha palustris)
    #13 Two-leaf Mitrewort (Mitella diphylla)
    #14 Spring Cress (Cardamine bulbosa)
    #15 American Hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana)
    #16 Canada Plum (Prunus nigra)
    #17 Norway Maple (Acer platanoides)     NON-NATIVE
    #18 Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officianale)     NON-NATIVE
    #19 Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides)      
    #20 Cut-leaved Toothwort (Cardamine concatenata)
    #21 False Rue Anemone (Enemion biternatum)

Monday 25 April 2016
    #22 Large-flowered Trillium (Trillium grandiflorum)
    #23 Wild Ginger (Asarum canadense)  
    # 24 Whitlow Grass (Draba verna)     NON-NATIVE
    #25 Early Meadow-rue (Thalictrum dioicum)
    #26 White Trout Lily (Erythronium albidum)
   
 Monday 02 May 2016
    #27 Garlic Mustard (Alliara petiolata)     NON-NATIVE (INVASIVE)
    #28 Downy Yellow Violet (Viola pubescens)

Monday 02 May 2016 
    #29 Pennsylvania Sedge (Carex pensylvanica)

Sunday 08 May 2016
    #30 Common Winter Cress (Barbarea vulgaris)     NON-NATIVE
    #31 American Black Currant (Ribes americanum)
    #32 Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum)
    #33 Broad-leaved Toothwort (Cardamine diphylla)
    #34 Squirrel Corn (Dicentra canadensis)
    #35 Long-spurred Violet (Viola rostrata)
    #36 Downy Serviceberry (Amelchier arborea)
    #37 Marsh Violet (Viola cucullata) 

Monday 09 May 2016
    #38 Small-flowered Forget-me-not (Myosotis stricta)     NON-NATIVE
 
Wednesday 11 May 2016
    #39 Common Periwinkle (Vinca minor)     NON-NATIVE (INVASIVE)
    #40 Purple Dead-nettle (Lamium purpureum)     NON-NATIVE
    #41 Storks-bill (Erodium cicutarium)     NON-NATIVE

Monday 16 May 2016
    #42 Morrow's Honeysuckle (Lonicera morrowii)     NON-NATIVE (INVASIVE)
    #43 Swamp Buttercup (Ranunculus hispidus)
    #44 Common Apple (Malus pumila)     NON-NATIVE
    #45 Small-flowered Buttercup (Ranunculus arbotivus)
    #46 Lily-of-the-valley (Convallaria majalis)     NON-NATIVE (INVASIVE)
    #47 Indian Strawberry (Potentilla indica)     NON-NATIVE
    #48 Hooked Crowfoot (Ranunculus recurvatus)

Tuesday 17 May 2016
    #49 Wild Geranium (Geranium maculatum)  
    #50 Nodding Trillium (Trillium cernuum)
    #51 American Bladdernut (Staphylea trifolia)
    #52 Choke Cherry (Prunus virginiana)
    #53 Starry False Solomon's Seal (Maianthemum stellatum)
    #54 Tartarian Honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica)     NON-NATIVE (INVASIVE)
    #55 Jetbead (Rhodotypos scandens)     NON-NATIVE

Sunday 22 May 2016
    #56 Canada Mayflower (Maianthemum canadense)
    #57 American Dog Violet (Viola labradorica)
    #58 Red Baneberry (Actaea rubra)
    #59 Cleavers (Galium aparine)    
    #60 Downy Solomon's Seal (Polygonatum pubescens)
    #61 Wild Blue Phlox (Phlox divaricata)
    #62 Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum)
    #63 Common Mouse-eared Chickweed (Cerastium fontanum)      NON-NATIVE
    #64 Pennsylvania Bitter Cress (Cardamine pensylvanica)
    #65 Foamflower (Tiarella cordifolia)
    #66 Creeping Charlie (Glechoma hederacea)     NON-NATIVE (INVASIVE)
    #67 White Baneberry (Actaea pachypoda)
    #68 Wood Anemone (Anemone quinquefolia)
    #69 Small Pussytoes (Antennaria howellii)

Wednesday 25 May 2016
    #70 Red-osier Dogwood (Cornus sericea)
    #71 Common Fleabane (Erigeron philadelphicus)
    #72 Dame's Rocket (Hesperis matronalis)     NON-NATIVE (INVASIVE)
    #73 Canada Anemone (Anemone canadensis)
    #74 White Mulberry (Morus alba)     NON-NATIVE
    #75 Common Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica)     NON-NATIVE (INVASIVE)
    #76 Common Yellow Wood-sorrel (Oxalis stricta)
    #77 Corn Speedwell (Veronica arvensis)     NON-NATIVE
    #78 Thyme-leaved Speedwell (Veronica serpyllifolia)     NON-NATIVE
    #79 Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)     NON-NATIVE (INVASIVE)
    #80 White Clover (Trifolium repens)     NON-NATIVE
    #81 Black Medick (Medicago lupulina)    NON-NATIVE
    #82 English Plantain (Plantago lanceolata)     NON-NATIVE
    #83 American Highbush Cranberry (Viburnum trilobum)
    #84 Common Buttercup (Ranunculus acris)     NON-NATIVE
    #85 Winged Euonymus (Euonymus alatus)     NON-NATIVE
    #86 Field Peppergrass (Lepidium campestre)     NON-NATIVE
    #87 Creeping Buttercup (Ranunculus repens)     NON-NATIVE
    #88 Golden Ragwort (Packera aurea)
    #89 Wild Columbine (Aquilegia canadensis)

Thursday 26 May 2016
    #90 Pawpaw (Asimina triloba)
    #91 Field Hawkweed (Hieracium caespitosum)     NON-NATIVE
    #92 Nannyberry (Viburnum lentago)
    #93 White Campion (Silene latifolia)     NON-NATIVE
    #94 Illinois Carrion Flower (Smilax illinoensis)   

Friday 27 May 2016
    #95 Black Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis)
    #96 Fistulous Goat's Beard (Tragopogon dubius)     NON-NATIVE
    #97 Horse-gentian (Triosteum aurantiacum)
    #98 Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis)     NON-NATIVE

    #99 Virginia Waterleaf (Hydrophyllum virginianum)    
       
Wednesday 01 June 2016 - part 1
    #100 Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)     NON-NATIVE (INVASIVE)
    #101 Riverbank Grape (Vitis riparia)
    #102 Bittersweet Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara)     NON-NATIVE  
    #103 Yellow Sweet Clover (Melilotus officinalis)     NON-NATIVE
    #104 Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)     NON-NATIVE
    #105 Hoary Alyssum (Berteroa incana)     NON-NATIVE
    #106 Ox-eye Daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare)     NON-NATIVE
    #107 Bitter Dock (Rumex obtusifolius)     NON-NATIVE
    #108 Yellow Pond Lily (Nuphar variegata
    #109 Giant Bur-reed (Sparganium eurycarpum)
    #110 Water Dock (Rumex verticillatus)

Wednesday 01 June 2016 - part 2 
    #111 White Water Lily (Nymphaea odorata)
    #112 Garden Columbine (Aquilegia vulgaris)     NON-NATIVE
    #113 Honewort (Cryptotaenia canadensis)
    #114 Feathery False Solomon's Seal (Maianthemum racemosum)
    #115 Forget-me-not (Myosotis scorpoides)     NON-NATIVE (INVASIVE)
    #116 Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa)     NON-NATIVE
    #117 Common Goat's Beard (Tragopogon pratensis)
    #118 Purple Meadow Rue (Thalictrum dasycarpum)   
    #119 Silvery Cinquefoil (Potentilla argentea)     NON-NATIVE

Wednesday 08 June 2016
    #120 Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora)     NON-NATIVE (INVASIVE)
    #121 Northern Dewberry (Rubus flagellaris)
    #122 Common Black Snakeroot (Sanicula odorata)
    #123 Northern Blue Flag (Iris versicolor)
    #124 American Speedwell (Veronica americana
    #125 Hedge Bindweed (Calystegia sepium)  
    #126 Green Dragon (Arisaema dracontium)
    #127 Common Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
    
Thursday 09 June 2016
    #128 Garden Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis)     NON-NATIVE
    #129 American Bittersweet (Celastrus scandens)
    #130 Mossy Stonecrop (Sedum acre)     NON-NATIVE
    #131 Western Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron rydbergii)
    #132 Indian Hemp (Apocynum cannabinum)

Friday 10 June 2016
    #133 Rough-fruited Cinquefoil (Potentilla recta)     NON-NATIVE   
    #134 Moonseed (Menispermum canadense)
 
Monday 13 June 2016
    #135 Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum)
 
Friday 17 June 2016
    #136 Crown Vetch (Securigera varia)     NON-NATIVE (INVASIVE)
    #137 Gray Dogwood (Cornus foemina)
    #138 Wild Sarsaparilla (Aralia nudicaulis)
    #139 Water Hemlock (Cicuta maculata)
    #140 Wild Garlic (Allium canadense)

Tuesday 21 June 2016
    #141 Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca)
    #142 Border Privet (Ligustrum obtusifolium)     NON-NATIVE
    #143 White Avens (Geum canadense)
    #144 Narrow-leafed Cattail (Typha angustifolia)    NON-NATIVE in Michigan
    #145 Catnip (Nepeta cataria)     NON-NATIVE
    #146 Everlasting Pea (Lathyrus latifolius)     NON-NATIVE
    #147 Common Elder (Sambucus canadensis)
    #148 Common St. John's-wort (Hypericum perfoliatum)    
    #149 Pineapple-weed (Matricaria discoidea)     NON-NATIVE
    #150 Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
    #102a White-flowered Bittersweet Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara f. albiflorum)
    #151 Common Cattail (Typha latifolia)
    #152 Blue Vervain (Verbena hastata)
    #153 Birdfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)     NON-NATIVE
    #154 Moth Mullein (Verbascum blattaria)     NON-NATIVE
    #155 Northern Hawkweed (Hieracium umbellatum)     NON-NATIVE
    #156 Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis)
    #157 Clammy Ground-cherry (Physalis heterophylla)
    #158 Tall Anemone (Anemone virginiana)
    #159 Large-leafed Shinleaf (Pyrola elliptica

Wednesday 22 June 2016
    #160 Eastern Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
    #161 Staghorn Sumac (Rhus typhina)
    #162 Moneywort (Lysimachia nummularia)     NON-NATIVE
    #163 Creeping Yellow Cress (Rorippa sylvestris)     NON-NATIVE
    #164 Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)     NON-NATIVE (INVASIVE)

Friday 24 June 2016
    #165 Deptford Pink (Dianthus armeria)     NON-NATIVE
    #166 Spreading Dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium)
    #167 Prairie Fleabane (Erigeron strigosus)
    #168 Annual Fleabane (Erigeron annuus)
 
Tuesday 28 June 2016
    #169 Clustered-leaved Tick-trefoil (Hylodesmum glutinosum)
    #170 Northern Bush Honeysuckle (Diervilla lonicera)
    #171 Self-heal (Prunella vulgaris)
    #172 Tall Agrimony (Agrimonia gryposepala)
    #173 Fringed Loosestrife (Lysimachia ciliata)
    #174 Michigan Lily (Lilium michiganense)
    #175 Wood Nettle (Laportea canadensis)
    #176 Hairy Wood Mint (Blephilia hirsuta)
    #177 Common Enchanter's-nightshade (Circaea canadensis)

Thursday 30 June 2016
    #178 Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)     NON-NATIVE
    #179 Swamp Milkweed (Aclepias incarnata)
    #180 White Sweet Clover (Melilotus albus    NON-NATIVE 
    #181 Chicory (Cichorium intybus)     NON-NATIVE
    #182 Wild Carrot (Daucus carota)     NON-NATIVE

Wednesday 06 July 2016
    #183 White Vervain (Verbena urticifolia)
    #184 Virgin' Bower (Clematis virginiana)
    #185 Thin-leaved Coneflower (Rudbeckia triloba)
    #186 American Lopseed (Phryma leptostachya)

Thursday 07 July 2016
    #187 Common Mullein (Verbascum thapsus)     NON-NATIVE
    #188 Spotted Knapweed (Cenaurea stoebe)     NON-NATIVE (INVASIVE)
    #189 Bouncing Bet (Saponaria officinalis)     NON-NATIVE
    #190 Common Burdock (Arctium minus)     NON-NATIVE
    #191 Willow-herb (Epilobium ciliatum)
    #192 Common Plantain (Plantago major)     NON-NATIVE
    #193 Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica)

Monday 01 August 2016
    #194 Narrow-leafed  Goldenrod (Euthamia graminifolia)
    #195 Wild Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa)
    #196 Bull Thistle (Cirsium vulgare)     NON-NATIVE
    #197 Smooth Goldenrod (Solidago gigantea)
    #198 Common Evening-primrose (Oenothera biennis)    
    #199 Wild Mint (Mentha canadensis)
    #200 Spotted Joe-pye Weed (Eutrochium maculatum)
    #201 Swamp Thistle (Cirsium muticum)
    #202 Mad-dog Skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora)
    #203 Cut-leaved Coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata)
    #204 Creeping Bellflower (Campanula rapunculoides)     NON-NATIVE
    #205 White Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima)
    #206 Thin-leaved Sunflower (Helianthus decapetalus)
    #207 Common Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum)
    #208 Rough-leaved Goldenrod (Solidago patula)
    #209 Monkey-flower (Mimulus ringens)
    #210 Indian Pipe (Monotropa uniflora)
  
Thursday 04 August 2016
    #211 Field Sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis)     NON-NATIVE
    #212 Spotted Touch-me-not (Impatiens capensis)
    #213 Hedge-parsley (Torilis japonica)     NON-NATIVE
    #214 Ditch Stonecrop (Penthorum sedoides)     NON-NATIVE
    #215 Mild Water-pepper (Persicaria hydropiperoides)    
    #216 Southern Water-plantain (Alisma subcordatum)
    #217 Cardinal-flower (Lobelia cardinalis)
    #218 Common Arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia)
  
Thursday 11 August 2016
    #219 Hog-peanut (Amphicarpaea bracteata)

 Monday 15 August 2016
    Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium)     NON-NATIVE

Wednesday 17 August 2016
    #221 Great Blue Lobelia (Lobelia siphilitica)
    #222 Flat-topped White Aster (Doellingeria umbellata)
    #223 Swamp Lousewort (Pedicularis lanceolata)
    #224 White Lettuce (Prenanthes alba)
    #225 Common Water Horehound (Lycopus americanus)

Thursday 25 August 2016
    #226 Turtlehead (Chelone glabra)
    #227 Panicled Aster (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum)
    #228 Butter-and-eggs (Linaria vulgaris)     NON-NATIVE
    #229 Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)
    #230 Jumpseed (Persicaria virginiana)
    #231 Nodding Smartweed (Persicaria lapathifolia)
    #232 Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana)
    #233 Horseweed (Conyza canadensis)
    #234 Canada Goldenrod (Solidago canadensis)

 Monday 29 August 2016
    #235 Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus)
    #236 Purplestem Beggar-ticks (Bidens connata)

Tuesday 30 August 2016
    #237 False Buckwheat (Fallopia scandens)

Thursday 01 September 2016
    #238 Common Heart-leaved Aster (Symphyotrichum cordifolium)
    #239 Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum laterifolium)
    #240 Swamp Aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum)
    #241 Zigzag Goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis)
    #242 Beech-drops (Epifagus virginiana)
    #243 Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea)
    #244 Bluestem Goldenrod (Solidago caesia)
  
Friday 02 September 2016
    #245 Big-leaved Aster (Eurybia macrophylla)
    #246 New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae)
    #247 Nodding Beggar-ticks (Bidens cernua)

Tuesday 13 September 2016
    #248 Cheerful Sunflower (Helianthus x laetiflorus)
    #249 Sweet Everlasting (Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium)
    #250 Frost Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum)
    #251 Arrow-leaved Aster (Symphyotrichum urophyllum)

Wednesday 20 October 2016
    #252 Witch-hazel (Hamamelis virginiana)

Friday, October 21, 2016

Wildflowers of 2016 - #252

Yesterday (20 OCT), I photographed what will probably be my last wildflower species of 2016. This is the first new species that I have added in over a month.  So what did I find?

Wildflowers of 2016 - #252 Witch-hazel (Hamamelis virginiana)

Witch-hazel is an understory tree/shrub.  Its yellow fall leaves can be seen at center and right in this photo

It should be no surprise that my latest wildflower of the year is Witch-hazel (Hamamelis virginiana).  Most wildflowers have finished blooming for the year before the Witch-hazel even begins to think about flowering.  This native shrub blooms between late September and early November and is typically the last plant of the year to begin flowering in Michigan.  Its yellow flowers are pollinated by flies, moths, and beetles.  The plant is also capable of self pollination.  The  flower's narrow petals are up to 3/4 of an inch long.

Witch-hazel flowers

I found Witch-hazel at Mission Creek Park, where it is a common understory tree or shrub, especially in the upland woods north of the parking lot.  Witch-hazel is found in the eastern United States and Canada, east of a line from Minnesota south to eastern Texas.  In Michigan, it is found in nearly every county.

The species commonly grows to a height of up to 20 feet.  Witch-hazel leaves grow up to 5 inches long and 3 inches wide.  The leaves grow in an alternate pattern on the branches.


Witch-hazel flowers and leaves

Wednesday, September 28, 2016

Wildflowers of 2016 - #248 through #251

I'm catching up on my Wildflowers of 2016 list.  On Tuesday September 13th, during a trip to Chipp-A-Waters Park, I added three species to my list.  This brought my number of species for the year up to two hundred fifty, the goal that I had originally set for myself for the year.

Wildflowers of 2016 - #248 Cheerful Sunflower (Helianthus x laetiflorus)

My first flower of the day was one that stumped me during my Wildflowers of 2014 project.  It was obviously a sunflower, but it didn't quite fit the descriptions of any of the sunflowers found on the Michigan Flora website.  The description of the Stiff Sunflower (Helianthus pauciflorus) mentioned a hybrid with Jerusalem Artichoke (H. tuberosus).  This hybrid is known as the Cheerful Sunflower (Helianthus x laetiflorus).  After researching this plant on several websites, I decided that this was probably my mystery sunflower.

Cheerful Sunflower - a hybrid of Jerusalem Artichoke and Stiff Sunflower

Cheerful Sunflower, which is also known as Hybrid Prairie Sunflower and Mountain Sunflower, is a perennial that reaches heights of 1 1/2 to 8 feet.  It has opposite leaves.  The leaves and stalk are both hairy.  The stalk varies in color from green to purple.

Plants produce one to several flowers.  The flowers consist of a central disc surrounded by 10 to 20+ rays (petals).  The rays are bright yellow and the disc may be a darker yellow or brown or purplish.

Cheerful Sunflower - a closer view of the flower

Everything that I could find about this sunflower seemed to fit my mystery plants so I am calling it a Cheerful Sunflower.  I almost didn't get the opportunity to find this plant this year.  There is a single patch of it growing at Chipp-A-Waters Park.  The city Park's Department has been using this location to dump soil and other debris this year and has partially covered this colony.  Those plants that did manage to emerge through the soil, were significantly shorter than those I found in 2014.

Wildflowers of 2016 - #249 Sweet Everlasting (Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium)

A colony of Sweet Everlasting (Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium)

My second species of the day was Sweet Everlasting (Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium).  Also known by the names Fragrant Cudweed and Old-field Balsam, this species is found throughout the southern two-thirds of the Lower Peninsula, around Grand Traverse Bay, and in six Upper Peninsula counties.  Nationally, it can be found in every state east of line running from Minnesota to central Texas.  It also native to the Provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia.

Sweet Everlasting - note whitish stems and flowers

Sweet Everlasting prefers dry open habitats such as fields, prairies, and roadsides.  It does not do well in locations with a lot of competition from other plants, but often forms extensive colonies where it is found.  The plant can reach heights of 2 1/2 feet.  It has both basal and alternate leaves.  The stems and are grey-green or white in color and covered with short dense hairs.  The narrow leaves are also hairy, with a greenish upper surface and a grey-green/white colored lower surface.  The flowers of this plant grow in a flat-topped structure known as a corymb.  Individual flowers are small (about 1/8 inch across), white, and lack petals.

Sweet Everlasting flowers
 
Wildflowers of 2016 - #250 Frost Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum)

Frost Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum)

My third flower of the day was Frost Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum).  This is one of many species of Michigan asters with small white flowers.   In February 2014 I wrote a post about how to tell this species from other small, many-flowered Asters - please check here for more information.


Frost Aster has many small white flowers and many small leaves


Wildflowers of 2016 - #251 Arrow-leaved Aster (Symphyotrichum urophyllum)


On Thursday, September 22nd I added one additional species to my list - Arrow-leaved Aster (Symphyotrichum urophyllum).  This species was formerly known as Aster sagittifolius.

Arrow-leaved Asters and goldenrods at Mill Pond Park

Arrow-leafed Aster plants grow from 1 to 3 feet in height.  This plant is considered an "upland" species.  It grows in dry soils in meadows, savannas, open woodlands and along woodland edges.  It is found across the eastern half of the United States and into Ontario.  In Michigan, it is found in most of the counties in the Lower Peninsula and in scattered locations in the Upper Peninsula.

Arrow-leaved Aster growing on a dry wooded slope at Mill Pond Park

As the plant's name suggests, its leaves are commonly shaped like arrowheads with a shallowly notched.  The leaves may also be lanceolate (shaped like a lance head) or oval in shape.  The margins of the leaves are lined with shallow serrations.  The leaf petioles (stems) feature prominent wings.

Leaf of an Arrow-leaved Aster - note winged stem

The flowers of the Arrow-leaved Aster are typical of Asters, with a yellow (turning purple with age) central disc surrounded by short 8 to 15 short rays.  The rays are typically white, but may on rare occasions be pale blue or lavender.  The flowers are arranged in a narrow pyramid (or diamond) shaped panicle with branched that grow upward from the central stalk.

A closer view of the Arrow-leaved Aster

At this point the 2016 wildflower season is beginning to draw to a close.  There are still many flowers blooming and they will continue to bloom until killed by frost, but few new species will be blooming.  That being said, I still think that I can find two or three more new species with a little effort.

Monday, September 12, 2016

Wildflowers of 2016 - #245 through #247

On Friday September 2nd, a short trip to Mill Pond Park added three species to my Wildflowers of 2016 list.  Two of the specie appeared on my 2014 list while the third species did not.  I am nearing the end of the wildflowers season, but still expect to find three or four more before the year is over.

Wildflowers of 2016 - #245 Big-leaved Aster (Eurybia macrophylla)

The next flower of the day was an Aster - Big-leaved Aster (Eurybia macrophylla).  This species, also called Large-leaved Aster, was formerly known as Aster macrophyllus.  This species is found primarily in the states and provinces surrounding the Great Lakes and in the Northeast.  Populations of it can be found as far south as Georgia and South Carolina (in the Appalachians) and as far west as Manitoba, Minnesota, Iowa, and Missouri.  It mainly grows in mesic (not too wet or dry) soils in upland forest habitats.  The plant spreads both by seeds from underground rhizomes.  It often forms dense colonies.

A colony of Big-leaved Aster
 
Asters are notoriously hard to identify.  Fortunately, Big-leaved Aster is one of the easiest asters to identify.  It has big leaves (1.5 to 12 inches long).  The leaves are heart, oval, or elliptical-shaped.  The plants have both basal and stem leaves.  The stem leaves are arranged alternately.

Big-leaved Aster - note the large heart-shaped basal leaves

Each plant typically has a single flowering stalk that branches into a flat-topped panicle (called a corymb) that measures from 3 to 8 inches across.  Each individual flower measures 1/2 to 1 inch across.  It consists of a yellow disc surrounded by 9 to 20 rays (petals).  The rays are pale blue, lavender, or white.

Big-leaved Aster - a closer view of the flower heads

Wildflowers of 2016 - #246 New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae)

My second species of the day was another aster.  New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae) is one of the tallest asters growing in Michigan (up to 6 1/2 feet).  It typically has flowers with a yellow (or golden) disc with 45 to 100 purple, blue, or pink rays.  Rarely the rays are white.  These flowers measure up to 1.5 inches across.  Individual plants may have a few or many flower heads.

New England Aster - note many flowers with yellow disc and pink rays.  Blue and purple rays are also common.

The leaves of New England Aster  are narrowly oval and measure 1 to 5 inches long.  The base of the leaves is lobed and clasps the plant's stem.  The stems of New England Aster are sparsely covered with hairs.

New England Aster - note how leaf clasps stem

This species prefers moist soils and can be found in both open habitats such as prairies and wet meadows, and in wooded habitats.  It is most widely distributed in the Great Lakes and Northeast, but is found as far west as California/Oregon/Washington and as far south as Mississippi/Alabama/Georgia.  In Michigan, it is found in both the Upper and Lower Peninsulas.

A colony of New England Aster growing in damp soil at Mill Pond Park

Wildflowers of 2016 - #247 Nodding Beggar-ticks (Bidens cernua)

The third species of the day was Nodding Beggar-tick (Bidens cernua).  This plant is also known as Bur-marigold.  Nodding Beggar-ticks is found in the wet habitats such as swamps, marshes, ditches, and shorelines.  This widely-distributed species is found in every state except Hawaii, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Florida.  I expect that the plant can be found in Mississippi and South Carolina, but so far has avoided collection.

Nodding Beggar-ticks

This species is similar to the Purple-stem Beggar-ticks (B. connata) which appeared at #236.   The two species are often found growing right next to each other.  Fortunately, there are several characteristics which help to distinguish them.  While both species have leaves that are toothed and reach lengths of 8 inches, Nodding Beggar-ticks can reach a height of seven feet, several feet taller than B. connata.  Another difference between the two plants can be seen in the flowerheads.  Nodding Beggar-ticks flowers usually have 8 yellow rays (petals) surrounding a yellow central disc.  Occasionally these rays are absent.  Whether or not the rays are present, the flowerheads of this species nod or droop slightly. 

Nodding Beggar-ticks - note yellow rays and slightly nodding head

Thursday, September 8, 2016

Wildflowers of 2016 - #238 through #244

My initial goal when I started my Wildflowers of 2016 list was to match my total number of species from my 2014 list.  Last Thursday (01 September), I reached that goal and sped on past.  Now my goal is to reach 250 species before the end of the growing season.  Here are the rules that I gave myself for this self-imposed challenge.

  •  Any native or non-native plant (including trees) can be photographed if it meets two conditions
    • It must be growing in a wild population - it cannot be in a location where it was planted.
    • It must be growing in one of the parks or other city properties within the city of Mt. Pleasant, Michigan.
  • I have to photograph the plant on the day I first find the flower - but I can photograph any flower of the species that I find on that day.
  • I have to be able to identify the species for it to count - unknown specimens do not count.

Without further ado...

Wildflowers of 2016 - #238 Common Heart-leaved Aster (Symphyotrichum cordifolium)

On Thursday 01 September 2016, I went to Mission Creek Woodland Park to search for some of the late summer/fall wildflowers that should be starting to bloom.  Because of its varied woodland and wetland habitats, Mission Creek has been a reliable source of wildflowers for years.  Once again, it did not disappoint. Less than a minute down the trail, I found my first new species of the day - Common Heart-leaved Aster (Symphyotrichum cordifolium).  With this species, I matched my 2014 total.

Common Heart-leaved Aster (Symphyotrichum cordifolium)

This species may be confused with Arrow-leaved Aster (S. urophyllum), which is also found at Mission Creek Park, but the two can be separated by differences in their leaves and flowers.  The leaves of Common Heart-leaved Aster are more typically heart-shaped than those of Arrow-leaved Aster with a deeper notch (sinus) at the base of the leaf.  The margins of the leaves are more coarsely toothed than those of the S. urophyllum, and the leaf petiole (stem) either lacks wings or has narrow wings (unlike the wide wings of S. urophyllum).  The leaves of Common Heart-leaved Aster measure 1.5 to 6 inches long.

Common Heart-leaved Aster - note namesake heart-shaped leaves with toothed margins

The flowers of Common Heart-leaved Aster measure 1/2 to 1 inch across with a central disc surrounded by 8 to 20 rays.  The rays are typically blue or rarely white.  The flowers grow in branching panicles that rise above the leaves - these panicles are usually wider than those of Arrow-leaved Aster.  Common Heart-leaved Aster is also sometimes known as Blue Wood Aster.

Common Heart-shaped Aster flowers are pale blue or white with 8 to 20 rays (petals)

This species is found in dry wooded habitats throughout the southern half of the Lower Peninsula.  Nationally, it is found as far west as eastern South Dakota and south to the Florida Panhandle.


Wildflowers of 2016 - #239 Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum laterifolium)

Calico Aster - note how flowers grow on lateral branches

My second flower of the day was another aster - Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum laterifolium).  In terms of habitat, this species is more adaptive than the Common Heart-leaved Aster.  It can be found in both wet and dry soils throughout the eastern half of North America.  It typically grows in shaded habitats rather than open places.  Calico Aster plants can reach a height of 1 to 4 feet.

Calico Aster - note hairy stem



This flower is also known as the Side-flowering Aster - lateriflorum means "side-flowering".  The plant's flowers grow on short stems on widely branching panicles.  The panicle's branches are roughly perpendicular to the plant's main stalk.  Individual flowers of the Calico Aster are small, measuring about 1/3 inch across.  They consist of a central disc that starts out yellow and fades to shades of purple as it ages.  The disc is surrounded by 9 to 14 short white rays.  The small number of rays on each flowerhead is what distinguishes this species from similar species with small flowers such as Frost Aster (S. pilosum) and Heath Aster (S. ericoides).


Calico Aster - a closer view of the flowers, note relatively small number of rays (petals)

Wildflowers of 2016 - #240 Swamp Aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum)


My third flower of the day was yet another aster - Swamp Aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum).  This species, also known as Bristly Aster, is a more northern species than those already described.  While it can be found as far south as central Georgia it is also found as far north as Nunavut.  In Michigan, it has been recorded in counties throughout the state.  Swamp Aster is considered an obligate wetland species - meaning it is found almost entirely in wet habitats such as swamps, wet meadows, floodplains, and shorelines.  It rarely is found in dry upland locations.


Swamp Aster in a cedar swamp at Mission Creek

Swamp Aster plants reach heights of 1 to 8 feet tall.  The plant's leaves are arranged alternately along the stem.  The leaves are oval or elliptical, with shallowly tooted or smooth margins, and measure up to 6 inches long.  The main stalk of Swamp Aster plants is thick, usually reddish colored, and covered with bristly hairs.  A similar species lacks these hairs and is known as Smooth Swamp Aster (S. firmum).

Swamp Aster - a closer view of the flowers

The flowers of Swamp Aster are arranged in a panicle (branched cluster) at the top of the plant.  Individual flowers are 1/2 to 1 inch across.  The flowers are composed of a central yellow disc surrounded by 30 to 60 rays (petals).  The rays are normally blue or purple, but may occasionally be white.

Wildflowers of 2016 - #241 Zigzag Goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis)

Fall doesn't just mean aster, it also is the season for goldenrods.  Probably my favorite goldenrod species is the Zigzag Goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis) - I have it planted in the flowerbeds next to my front steps.

Zigzag Goldenrod often grows in large colonies
 
Zigzag Goldenrod is one of several goldenrod species that grows in wooded areas instead of open habitats.  It can be identified by its wide leaves and flowers that grow from the leaf axils of its zigzagging stem.  For more information on Zigzag Goldenrod please look at this species profile that I wrote in January 2014.

Zigzag Goldenrod - note zigzagging stem and flowers growing in leaf axils
 
Wildflowers of 2016 - #242 Beech-drops (Epifagus virginiana)

Species #242 is one of a small group of plants that lacks chlorophyll - these means that it cannot use sunlight to manufacture its own food.  Instead, Beech-drops (Epifagus virginiana) is a parasite, stealing sugars from the roots of American Beech trees. If you find American Beech trees in a forest there are likely to be Beech-drops present also.  Conversely, if there are no Beech trees you not find any Beech-drops.  The plant has no other hosts.

Beech-drops lack chlorophyll and have no leaves.  They are parasites of the American Beech.

Beech-drops plants lack leaves.  It's stalks grow up to 20 inches tall.  The stalks often branch near the base.  The plant's flowers are arranged in a raceme or unbranched spike at the end of each branch.   The flowers are 1/4 to 3/8 inches long and shaped like an elongated tube.  The flowers can be found in late summer and fall and vary in color from cream or ivory to brown or purplish-red.  The flowers are often striped.


Beech-drops - a closer view of the flowers

Wildflowers of 2016 - #243 Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea)

I was not expecting to find my next flower, but it was not a complete surprise.  In more than a decade of recording the flowers in Mt. Pleasant's parks system I have never found a Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) growing wild until 2014. 

A pair of Purple Coneflowers at the base of the Mission Creek sledding hill

That year, I found one bloom at the base of the sledding hill at Mission Creek surrounded by Spotted Joe-pye Weed, Boneset, and Goldenrods.  I suspect that this plant was the result either of a seed being dropped by a bird, or it was contained in fill dirt that was used to extend the sledding hill in recent years.  Even though this plant is commonly planted in gardens and prairie restorations,  it is probably not native to Michigan.  I did not find this species last year.  This year I found two plants.


Purple Coneflower is easily identifiable by its cone-shaped central disc surrounded by drooping purple ray flowers (petals).  The flowerheads may be between 2 and 4 inches across.  Individual plants may grow to a height of 4 feet.  The plant's leaves are up to 6 inches long and three inches wide.  They may be arranged either in opposite pairs or alternately along the stem.


Wildflowers of 2016 - #244 Bluestem Goldenrod (Solidago caesia)

Bluestem Goldenrod (Solidago caesia)

My final flower of the day was one that did not appear on my Wildflowers of 2014 list, but I have found it in other years.  Bluestem Goldenrod (Solidago caesia), is quite similar to Zigzag Goldenrod.  Like that species, it grows in shaded locations.  It also has stems that zigzag and flowers that grow in the leaf axils.  One major difference is that the stems of Blue-stemmed Goldenrod have a definite bluish tint.

Bluestem Goldenrod - note bluish stem

 
Bluestem Goldenrod is found throughout the eastern United States, from a line running from southeast Wisconsin to east Texas east to the Atlantic Coast.  In Michigan, it has been recorded mainly in the southern half of the Lower Peninsula and in the counties up the Lake Michigan shoreline.  I found this plant growing along the trail at the very south end of Mission Creek Park.

Bluestem Goldenrod - note how flowers grow in leaf axils